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Lying in the southern part of Western Ghat, immediately south of Palghat gap, Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary exhibits mountainous terrain.

The sanctuary lies between the Anamalai hills and Nelliampathy hills.  The Altitude ranges between 300m and 1438m above MSL. There are 7 major valleys and 3 major river systems. Geologically the sanctuary has Hornblende biotite gnesis and charnockites. Major peaks in the sanctuary are Karimala (1438m), Pandaravarai (1290m) ,Kuchimudi, Vengoli (1120m) and Puliyarapadam (1010m). Apart from the natural rivers and streams, the sanctuary possesses  three man-made reservoirs namely Parambikulam, Thunacadavu and Peruvaripallam whose cumulative waterspread is 20.66 sq. km.